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Cardiologia Ambulatoriale - Outpatient Cardiology https://www.cardiologiaambulatoriale.eu/introduction-2/ Export date: Sat Jul 18 12:41:12 2026 / +0000 GMT |
IntroductionIntroduzione Susanna Sciomer¹; Ettore Antoncecchi²; Adele Lillo³; Federica Moscucci⁴; Stefania Paolillo⁵ ¹ Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy ² Servizio di Cardiologia Centro Polispecialistico Medigea, Modugno, (Bari), Italy ³ Outpatient Cardiology Ospedale "Fallacara" Triggiano, 70019 Triggiano (BA), Italy ⁴ Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, DAI of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Viale del Policlinico n. 155, 00185 Rome. Department of Clinical Medicine, Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy ⁵ Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly ischemic heart disease (IHD), are the leading cause of death and disability for both men and women globally, with a higher prevalence and mortality rate in low- and middle-income countries. In Italy, the age-standardized prevalence of CVDs among women has increased since 1990, contrasting with declines in other Western European regions. Despite growing scientific attention to sex and gender differences in cardiology, clinical practice has not kept pace with research findings. Women often present with symptoms considered "atypical," such as palpitations, epigastric pain, or general malaise, which are frequently underestimated by both patients and healthcare professionals, resulting in delayed diagnosis and poorer outcomes. The lack of awareness that CVDs are the primary cause of death in women, combined with guidelines based largely on male populations, contributes to inadequate risk assessment and management. Socioeconomic and cultural barriers further hinder access to optimal diagnostic and preventive pathways, especially for women. Recent efforts by Italian scientific societies, supported by the National Institute of Health, have led to the development of an inter-society consensus document. This document aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for sex- and gender-specific cardiovascular risk evaluation and treatment, promoting a practical and multidisciplinary approach to address health disparities and improve cardiovascular outcomes for women. Key words: Women's Health; Cardiovascular Diseases; Sex; Gender; Health Disparities.  05 Introduzione Sciomer-Antoncecchi-Lillo-Moscucci-Paolillo [285-288].pdf 1 1 file(s) 132.25 KB |
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