Difference between sex and gender
Abstract
Gender Medicine (GM), as defined by the World Health Organization, studies the influence of biological (sex), socio-economic, and cultural (gender) differences on health and disease. This interdisciplinary approach is essential for understanding how sex and gender affect human pathophysiology and clinical symptoms, ultimately improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Initially, GM focused on the different clinical manifestations of diseases in men and women but now considers numerous determinants for interpreting these differences. Both genetic and hormonal factors, as well as socioeconomic and cultural influences, shape disease expression and outcomes. Using gender-specific data and indicators is essential for personalized care, improved prevention, and effective health policies. Digitalization and artificial intelligence can further optimize healthcare pathways, promoting equity and efficiency in clinical practice.
Key words: Women; Gender Medicine; Sex and Gender Differences; Personalized Care; Health Policy.
